Beneficial efficacy of UCB-MSCs

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have been suggested to promote tissue repair and have been used for tissue engineering in numerous studies [18,19]. Not only can their multiple lineages replace aged or damaged cells, but their secretory factors can enhance tissue repair efficiency [20]. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various mesenchymal tissues, including osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages, have been recognized as a promising tool for clinical applications [21]. However, the secretion of soluble factors is one of the key mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of hUCB-MSCs recently shown to have therapeutic efficacy in various disease models [22,23]. Transplantation of ex vivo -expanded hUCB-MSCs improved peripheral neuropathic pain [24] and focal cerebral ischemia [25] in rats. Thus, the treatment model of hUCB-MSC transplantation has been intensively studied for currently-untreated tissue impairments [26].

KOREAN J PHYSIOL PHARMACOL 2018;22(5):555-566

hUCB-MSCs promote hair follicle cycling, morphogenesis in vivo.

hUCB-MSCs promoted the telogen-anagen transition, in particular hair follicles that were treated with hUCB-MSCs were transformen from the gelogen phase to the darly- and middle-anagen phase at 6 weeks.

hUCB-MSCs promote hair follicle morphogenesis

hUCB-MSCs enhanced hair follicle morphogenesis, represented as an increased of follicular neogenesis. 

About Exosome

Exosomes are membraneous nanovesicles of endocytic origin released by most cell types from diverse organisms; they play a critical role in cell–cell communication. Exosomes participate in the maintenance of normal physiology, for example, stem cell maintenance and tissue repair. Exosomes have been implicated as morphogen transporters during development and differentiation. They are released by donor cells and spread through the adjacent tissue at different concentrations, enabling cell–cell communication. Importantly, several reports have implicated exosomes in stem cell maintenance and plasticity, indicating that stem cell-derived exosomes have a pivotal role in tissue regeneration following injury. The composition of exosomes differs from cell type to cell type. According to the most recent version of the exosome content database, Exocarta (Version 4), exosomes from various organisms and various cell types have been characterized as containing 4563 proteins, 194 lipids, 1639 mRNAs, and 764 miRNA.

Exosome contains high concentration of cytokines, growth factors.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from a variety of tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissues and umbilical cord blood. Primitive umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have biological advantages, compared to other MSCs. MSCs secrete various cytokines and growth factors such as Epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic Fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b), which are important in cell growth and maintaining skin tissues. UCB-MSCs are attractive materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. A key part of paracrine secretion is exosomes, which are membrane vesicles that are stored intracellularly in endosomal compartments and are secreted when these structures fuse with the cell plasma membrane. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) play an important role in cutaneous wound healing, and recent studies suggested that MSC-derived exosomes activate several signaling pathways, which are conducive in wound healing and cell growth.